networking basics concepts

COMPUTER NETWORK

Date 2-feb-19

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BY ABHAY MISHRA

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IEEE 802.3: IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE) standards produced by the working group defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control(MAC) of wired Ethernet. ... 802.3 is a technology that supports the IEEE 802.1 network architecture.

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Media access control (MAC): Media access control (MAC) is a sublayer of the data link layer (DLL) in the seven-layer OSI network reference model. MAC is responsible for the transmission of data packets to and from the network-interface card, and to and from another remotely shared channel.

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Bridge :
In telecommunication networks, a bridge is a product that connects a local
area network (LAN) to another local area network that uses the same
protocol (for example, Ethernet or token ring). You can envision a bridge
as being a device that decides whether a message from you to someone
else is going to the local area network in your building or to someone on
the local area network in the building across the street. A bridge examines
each message on a LAN, "passing" those known to be within the same
LAN, and forwarding those known to be on the other interconnected LAN (or LANs).

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Gateway:

A gateway is a network node that connects two networks using

different protocols together. While a bridge is used to join two similar types

of networks, a gateway is used to join two dissimilar networks.

Basis for Comparison Bridge Gateway Basic Bridge transmits the frames between two

separated segments of LAN.Gateway is a protocol converter.Layer of Operation Operates on two layers, physical and data link layer.Operates on all the seven layer of OSI model.Work Checks the destination address on received frameand forward the frame to the address it belongs.

It allows two different network using different protocols to communicate with each other.

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Switch - In a telecommunications network, a switch

is a device that channels incoming data from any of

multiple input ports to the specific output port that will

take the data toward its intended destination. In the

traditional circuit-switched telephone network, one or

more switches are used to set up a dedicated though

temporary connection or circuit for an exchange

between two or more parties. On an Ethernet local area

network (LAN), a switch determines from the physical

device (Media Access Control or MAC) address in each

incoming message frame which output port to forward

it to and out of. In a wide area packet-switched network

such as the Internet, a switch determines from the IP address

in each packet which output port to use for the next part

of its trip to the intended destination.

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Router - A router is a type of device which acts as the central point among computers and other devices that are part of a network. A router is equipped with holes called ports and computers and other devices are connected to a router using network cables. Now-a-days router comes in wireless modes using which computers can be connected without any physical cable. A router is Layer-3 (Network Layer) device which makes routing decisions for the data/information sent for some remote destination. Routers make the core of any interconnected network and the Internet.

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